Agile
(أجايل (المنهجية الرشيقة))ProgrammingAn iterative project management methodology that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and delivering working software in short cycles (sprints). Popular frameworks: Scrum, Kanban.
Glossary
AI & Programming Glossary
A comprehensive reference of essential AI and programming terms — explained clearly for everyone.
51 terms
AI Agent
(وكيل ذكاء اصطناعي)AIAn autonomous AI system that can plan, execute multi-step tasks, use tools, and make decisions to achieve a goal — with minimal human intervention.
Algorithm
(خوارزمية)ProgrammingA step-by-step set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a task. Algorithms are the foundation of all computer programs and are measured by their efficiency and correctness.
API (Application Programming Interface)
(واجهة برمجة التطبيقات)ProgrammingA set of rules that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. APIs define how requests and responses should be formatted, enabling integration between services.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
(الذكاء الاصطناعي)AIThe simulation of human intelligence by machines, enabling them to learn, reason, and make decisions. AI powers chatbots, recommendation systems, self-driving cars, and more.
Backend
(الجهة الخلفية (Backend))ProgrammingThe server-side of a web application — databases, APIs, authentication, and business logic. Everything that happens behind the scenes when a user interacts with a website or app.
Bug
(خطأ برمجي (Bug))ProgrammingAn error, flaw, or unexpected behavior in a software program. Bugs can cause crashes, incorrect results, or security vulnerabilities. Debugging is the process of finding and fixing them.
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
(شبكة توصيل المحتوى)ProgrammingA distributed network of servers that delivers web content to users from the nearest geographic location. CDNs dramatically improve load times, reduce latency, and handle traffic spikes.
CI/CD (Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery)
(التكامل والتسليم المستمر)ProgrammingAutomated practices that integrate code changes, run tests, and deploy applications. CI ensures code is tested on every commit, while CD automates the release process to production.
Cloud Computing
(الحوسبة السحابية)ProgrammingDelivering computing services — servers, storage, databases, networking — over the internet instead of on local machines. Major providers: AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure.
Computer Vision
(الرؤية الحاسوبية)AIA field of AI that enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from images and videos. Used in facial recognition, medical imaging, and quality inspection.
Database
(قاعدة البيانات)ProgrammingAn organized collection of structured data stored electronically. Types include relational (SQL like PostgreSQL) and non-relational (NoSQL like MongoDB). Essential for every application.
Deep Learning
(التعلّم العميق)AIA type of machine learning using neural networks with many layers. Powers advanced tasks like language translation, voice assistants, and autonomous driving.
DevOps
(ديف أوبس (DevOps))ProgrammingA set of practices combining software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the development lifecycle. DevOps emphasizes automation, monitoring, and continuous delivery.
Docker / Container
(داكر / الحاويات)ProgrammingA platform for packaging applications and their dependencies into portable containers. Containers run consistently across any environment, eliminating 'it works on my machine' problems.
Embedding
(التضمين (Embedding))AIA numerical representation of text, images, or data as vectors in a high-dimensional space. Embeddings capture semantic meaning, enabling similarity search and comparisons.
Fine-Tuning
(الضبط الدقيق)AIThe process of further training a pre-trained AI model on a specific dataset to adapt it for a particular task or domain, improving its performance on targeted use cases.
Flutter
(فلاتر)ProgrammingGoogle's UI toolkit for building natively compiled mobile, web, and desktop applications from a single Dart codebase. Known for fast development, expressive UI, and native performance.
Framework
(إطار عمل)ProgrammingA pre-built collection of tools, libraries, and conventions that provides a structure for developing applications. Examples: React, Next.js, Django, Flutter.
Frontend
(الجهة الأمامية (Frontend))ProgrammingThe part of a website or app that users see and interact with directly. Built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript — often using frameworks like React, Vue, or Angular.
Full-Stack
(مطوّر شامل (Full-Stack))ProgrammingA developer or application that covers both frontend and backend development. Full-stack developers can build complete web applications from the user interface to the database.
Generative AI
(الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي)AIAI systems that create new content — text, images, code, music, or video — based on patterns learned from training data. Examples: ChatGPT, Midjourney, GitHub Copilot.
Git
(نظام Git)ProgrammingA distributed version control system that tracks changes in source code during development. Git enables multiple developers to collaborate on the same project simultaneously.
Hallucination
(هلوسة الذكاء الاصطناعي)AIWhen an AI model generates information that sounds plausible but is factually incorrect or fabricated. A key challenge in deploying AI for critical applications.
Inference
(الاستدلال)AIThe process of using a trained AI model to make predictions or generate outputs on new, unseen data. This is what happens when you interact with ChatGPT or any deployed AI system.
Large Language Model (LLM)
(نموذج اللغة الكبير)AIAn AI model trained on massive text data to understand and generate human-like text. Examples include GPT, Claude, and Gemini.
Library
(مكتبة برمجية)ProgrammingA collection of pre-written code that developers can reuse to perform common tasks. Unlike frameworks, libraries are tools you call when needed. Examples: Lodash, Tailwind CSS.
Machine Learning (ML)
(التعلّم الآلي)AIA subset of AI where systems learn patterns from data without being explicitly programmed. Used in spam filters, image recognition, and predictive analytics.
MCP (Model Context Protocol)
(بروتوكول سياق النموذج)AIAn open protocol by Anthropic that standardizes how AI models connect to external tools, data sources, and services. MCP lets any AI assistant securely access files, databases, APIs, and other resources through a universal interface — similar to a USB-C port for AI.
Microservices
(الخدمات المصغّرة)ProgrammingAn architecture where an application is built as a collection of small, independent services. Each service handles a specific function and communicates via APIs, enabling scalability and independent deployment.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
(معالجة اللغات الطبيعية)AIThe branch of AI that helps machines understand, interpret, and generate human language. Powers chatbots, translation, and sentiment analysis.
Neural Network
(الشبكة العصبية)AIA computing system inspired by the human brain, made of interconnected nodes (neurons) organized in layers. It's the foundation of deep learning models.
Next.js
(إطار Next.js)ProgrammingA React framework by Vercel that adds server-side rendering, static generation, API routes, and more. Next.js enables building production-ready web applications with excellent performance and SEO.
Node.js
(نود جي إس)ProgrammingA JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that executes JavaScript on the server side. Node.js enables building fast, scalable backend services and APIs using JavaScript.
Open Source
(مفتوح المصدر)ProgrammingSoftware whose source code is publicly available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute. Popular open-source projects include Linux, React, Python, and VS Code.
Prompt Engineering
(هندسة الأوامر)AIThe skill of crafting effective instructions (prompts) for AI models to get accurate and useful outputs. It involves understanding how models interpret language and context.
Python
(بايثون)ProgrammingA high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its clean syntax and versatility. Widely used in AI/ML, web development, data science, automation, and scripting.
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
(التوليد المعزز بالاسترجاع)AIA technique that combines AI generation with information retrieval. The model fetches relevant documents from a knowledge base before generating a response, improving accuracy and reducing hallucinations.
React
(مكتبة React)ProgrammingA JavaScript library by Meta for building interactive user interfaces using reusable components. React uses a virtual DOM for efficient updates and is the most popular frontend library.
Reinforcement Learning
(التعلّم بالتعزيز)AIA training method where an AI agent learns by trial and error, receiving rewards for correct actions and penalties for wrong ones. Used in robotics, game AI, and recommendation systems.
Responsive Design
(التصميم المتجاوب)ProgrammingA web design approach that makes websites automatically adapt to different screen sizes and devices. Uses flexible grids, images, and CSS media queries for optimal viewing on any device.
REST API
(واجهة REST)ProgrammingA standard way of building web APIs using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). RESTful APIs are stateless, scalable, and the most common pattern for web services communication.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
(تحسين محركات البحث)ProgrammingThe practice of optimizing a website to rank higher in search engine results. Includes technical optimization, content strategy, keyword targeting, and building quality backlinks.
Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
(التصيير من جانب الخادم)ProgrammingRendering web pages on the server before sending them to the browser. SSR improves initial load performance and SEO because search engines can index fully rendered content.
SSL/TLS
(بروتوكول SSL/TLS)ProgrammingSecurity protocols that encrypt data transmitted between a web browser and server. SSL/TLS certificates enable HTTPS, ensuring data privacy, integrity, and authentication.
Token
(رمز (Token))AIThe basic unit of text that AI models process. A token can be a word, part of a word, or a character. Models charge based on the number of tokens processed.
Training Data
(بيانات التدريب)AIThe dataset used to teach an AI model. The quality, quantity, and diversity of training data directly affect the model's performance and accuracy.
Transformer
(المحوّل (Transformer))AIThe neural network architecture behind modern LLMs. It uses self-attention mechanisms to process entire sequences of text simultaneously, enabling better context understanding.
TypeScript
(تايب سكريبت)ProgrammingA superset of JavaScript that adds static type checking. TypeScript catches errors at compile time instead of runtime, making code more reliable and maintainable in large projects.
Version Control
(التحكم بالإصدارات)ProgrammingA system that records changes to files over time, allowing developers to recall previous versions, track modifications, and collaborate. Git is the most widely used version control system.
Webhook
(خطاف الويب (Webhook))ProgrammingAn HTTP callback that sends real-time data to a URL when a specific event occurs. Webhooks enable automated notifications between applications without constant polling.